“I’ve had a runny nose almost every day for years. What should I do about it?”

A runny nose can be quite uncomfortable, and dealing with it for a long time can be especially frustrating. So when someone recently asked on Quora, “I have a runny nose almost every day for years. What should I do?”, we spoke with Dr K. K. Handa, Chairman of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery at Medanta, Gurugram, to understand what might be causing the problem and when it could be a warning sign.

Why can a runny nose persist for years?

According to Dr Handa, the most common cause is allergy, often triggered by dust, pollution, pollen, or pet dander. In cities, constant exposure to irritants can keep the nasal lining inflamed.

Other possible causes include:

• Chronic sinusitis (a long-term sinus infection)

• Sensitivity to weather changes or strong smells

• Continuous exposure to air conditioning

• Overuse of nasal decongestant sprays

• Structural issues such as a deviated septum or nasal polyps

“When the lining of the nose remains irritated for a prolonged period, it keeps producing excess mucus,” he explains.

Allergy, sinusitis, or non-allergic rhinitis?

The pattern of symptoms can help identify the cause.

• Allergy: Frequent sneezing, itching in the nose, watery eyes, and clear nasal discharge. Symptoms usually worsen in dusty environments or during certain seasons.

• Chronic sinusitis: A blocked nose, facial pressure, thick yellow or green discharge, reduced sense of smell, and symptoms lasting longer than 12 weeks.

• Non-allergic rhinitis: Persistent watery discharge without itching or sneezing. Triggers may include cold air, perfumes, smoke, or sudden temperature changes.

An evaluation by an ENT specialist may be needed for an accurate diagnosis.

Do pollution and air conditioning contribute?

“Yes, absolutely,” says Dr Handa. Continuous exposure to pollution, construction dust, smoke, and vehicle fumes can irritate the nasal lining. Long hours in air-conditioned environments and sudden weather changes may also dry out the nose, prompting it to produce more mucus as a protective response. This is one reason many city dwellers experience chronic nasal discharge.

When should you consult a doctor?

Although most cases are not serious, medical advice is recommended if:

• Symptoms persist for more than three months

• The discharge becomes thick, yellow, or green and is accompanied by fever

• There is facial pain or swelling

• You lose your sense of smell

• The discharge contains blood

• Symptoms occur only on one side of the nose

• It begins to affect sleep or daily activities

Ignoring long-standing symptoms may sometimes lead to complications.

What are the treatment options?

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Possible options include:

• Prescription nasal sprays to reduce inflammation

• Anti-allergy medications

• Regular saline nasal rinses

• Minimising exposure to dust and pollution

• Improving indoor air quality

• Allergy-specific therapies in selected cases

• Surgery if there is structural blockage or nasal polyps

Dr Handa emphasises that the key is getting the correct diagnosis. A runny nose that continues for years is not something you simply have to live with. With proper treatment, symptoms can be managed and quality of life can improve significantly.